Nancy E. McGlen, Karen O'Connor, Laura Assendelft, Wendy Gunther-Canada
ERA-The Third Stage (1979-1982)
-late 1979: NOW devotes to new national plan.
-1982: NOW receiving more than $1 mill a month for ERAA
-ERA missionaries went door to door in unratified states + pro-ERA entertainers on TV
-Amendment defeated in June 30, 1982
-1980 = Reagan + backlash against gains by women
The Aftermath of ERA ratification Effort
-NOW continued press for amendment
-Others worked on preservation of abortion rights or litigation to press courts for expanded constitutional rights for wmn
-Women working on encouraging wmn to run for politics, especially Deocrates
-1992 10 Dem wmn run for senate + got $1.5 from Wmn's Council of Dem Senatorial Campgn Committee
-Several more groups founded for electoral process
The National Women's Political Caucus (NWPC)
-founded in 1971: national grassroots organization dedicated to increasing # of fem wmn elected in gov
-Shirley Chisholm elected congress in 1968 from NY=first african american woman to run for pres.
-NWPC: publicizes womans issues at stake in elections, monitors women candidates + holds training sessions
-1976 Dem National Convention NWPC led move for written guarantee that women constitute 50% of delegates at 1980 convention
-Jimmy Carter agreed to appoint women in high positioning in administration if he elected
-1978 DNC passed resolution to require 50% of delegates wmn
-Coalition for Womn's appointments= reps from 70 wmns groups to identify qualified female candidates + forward resumes to white house
-Now called Wman's Appointment Project w/4 wmn from George W. Bush's cabinet
-NOW + NWPC working on promoting young women+women of color
-1999: election of Rosalyn O'Connell, rep pro-choice.
-2002:NWPC endorsed 52 women for congress, 2 for gov, and 2 for sec of state
-2003 convention in DC entitled "Strong Women For Tough Times"
The Feminist Majority Foundation
-create by Peg Yorkin in 1987 + Eleanor Smeal, former pres of NOW
-Nationwide campaigns for more wmn running for office
-source of Feminist news around the world
The League of Women Voters
-citizens group not womans organization
-endorsed ERA in 1970's + true fem action in 1990
-work with MTV to get minorities + 18-24 year olds to vote
-Many wmn stay home in 1994 leading to efforts behind Motor Voter Law
-goal of 85% registration
-2000 election problems in FL lead to LWV champion election reform
-Abolition of electoral college as "archaic and unnecessary"
The American Association of University Women
-formed in 1881 to help wmn find jobs and network in business
-After 1994 elected conservative rep-controlled Congress, got more involved in politics
-AAUW Voter Education Campaign in Jul 1995
-New letter of emails + fax combined with get-out-the-vote effort
-Lobbies congress for wmns rights: congressional outlook highlights reproductive choice, civil rights, economic security, expanded educational opportunity
National Organization for Women
-After ERA focus on influencing men in power and electing wmn to replace them
-largest feminist org w/ 500,00 members, more than 550 chapters, all 50 states
-still dedicated to ERA
Women's PACs
-1974 finance laws made orgs able to create political action committees
-Women's Campaign Funds in 1974 only for women, most for both
-1980s=lotsa womens pacs but most = small + underfunded
-1989, 33 PACs gave money primarily to women
-1992: 12 new PACs + lots more money to all.
-PACs together raised about $12 mil
NOW/PAC and NOW Equality PAC
-1977: NOW creates 2 PACs. NOW/PAC supports candidates for national elections, NOW Equality PAC supports at state and local levels
-Contributed to lots of candidates including Cynthia McKinney and Carol Mosley-Braun
-"Victory 2000- The Feminization of Politics" : elect 2000 feminists candidates by 2000
EMILY's List
-Largest of women's PACs "Early Money is like Yeast-It Makes the Dough Rise"
-founded in 1985 for viable, pro-choice Dem wmn running for congress or gov
-Create list of female candidates and members can write check to woman of their choice
-worked for lots of women for 1990 in 1989
- provides training for candidates
-1996 tried to mobilize wmns vote
-2000 worked with wmn candidates and educating voters
-Supported Senator Debbie Stabenow of Michigan
-Nov 2002 helped elect MI's first wmn gov, Jennifer Granholm
-Helped elect 7 govs, 11 senators, +55 hous res all women since founding
The WISH List
-Women in the Senate and House: 1992
-Supports Rep pro-choice women
-2002= $765,000 to over 200 repub wmn candidates, most of whom won
Conclusion
-1992= "year of the woman"
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